Rita Maccarone,1 Stefano Di Marco,1 and Silvia Bisti1,2,3
1From the Department of Science and Biomedical Technology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy; 2ARC Centre of Excellence in Visual Science, Canberra, Australia; and the 3Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy.

PURPOSE. To test whether the saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) given as a dietary supplement counteracts the effects of continuous light exposure in the albino rat retina.

METHODS. Three experimental groups of Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Experimental animals were prefed either saffron or ?-carotene (1 mg extract/kg/d) before they were exposed to bright continuous light (BCL) for 24 hours. Flash electroretinograms (fERGs) were recorded in control and treated rats the day before and 1 week after light exposure. At the end of the second recording session, the animals were killed and the retinas were quickly removed, fixed, cryosectioned, and labeled so that the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) could be analyzed. Changes in protein level and cellular localization of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2 were determined by Western blot analysis and retinal immunohistochemistry, respectively. In a second series of experiments, rats were killed at the end of light exposure, and the amount of apoptotic figures in the ONL was assessed by terminal transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (d-UTP)-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL). BCL induced DNA fragmentation, characteristic of dying cells, almost exclusively in the photoreceptor layer. The rate of photoreceptor death induced by BCL is expressed as the frequency of TUNEL-positive profiles per millimeter.

RESULTS. The photoreceptor layer was largely preserved in saffron-treated animals because it was the fERG response. In addition, the rate of photoreceptor death induced by BCL appeared drastically reduced in treated animals. In ?-carotene prefeeding experiments, morphologic analysis showed preservation of the ONL similar to that obtained with saffron prefeeding, whereas the fERG response was unrecordable. Western blot analysis showed that exposure to light induced a strong upregulation of FGF2 in control and ?-carotene–treated rats, but s no change was noted in saffron-treated rats.

CONCLUSIONS. These results show that saffron may protect photoreceptors from retinal stress, maintaining both morphology and function and probably acting as a regulator of programmed cell death.


(Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2008;49:1254-1261.)
© 2008 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.07-0438

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Swedish saffroncake (Maud I Holm)

200 g butter
0,5 g of saffron
2 eggs
3 dl sugar
2 tsp baking powder
1,5 dl milk
4 dl flour

Melt the butter and let cool

Butter a 24cm spring form, and sprinkle some bread crumbs around pan.

(If you want you can crush the saffron together with a little sugar in a mortar).

Cream the eggs and sugar and beat until light.

Whip down the saffron,baking powder and milk.

Stir in the flour and the melted butter and combine well.

Pour batter into the baking pan.Bake on bottom rack of oven at 175°C( 350°F) for 40-50 minutes.Test for doneness.

Let cake cool before removing from pan.

1 cake 12-15 pieces.

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Eager to check out its possible nutritional benefits, we made a Google search..and what did we find!

Go ahead and eat saffron cake and keep seing...maybe there is saffron in the yellow spot?